Not long ago, a woman in one of my groups proudly announced that she‘d maxed out her 401(k) and had been buying stocks outside her retirement plan based on a friend’s advice.
She had a right to be proud. But when I asked if she was following a plan, she looked puzzled.
“How do you know whether or not your portfolio is properly diversified?” I asked her. “Or if you’re taking too much or too little risk?”
I spoke from experience. For years, I bought individual stocks and mutual funds, based on other’s suggestions. I had no plan.











